Electric Propulsion Systems

by plrpro on February 8, 2010

Hybrids are planning to use electric propulsion systems which prove to be very efficient and also environmentally friendly. There may be various approaches and methods in order to accomplish movement using electric power but the main idea is still the same. These systems are already working and will further help develop alternate fuel.

 

What is Electric Propulsion?

 

Electric propulsion is the acceleration of gases in order to produce propulsive thrust through electric and magnetic body forces, electric body forces or electric heating. The electric propulsion system is usually incorporated in rocket science wherein it manages energy enough to produce a powerful thrust. An electric propulsion system is an alternative to nuclear propulsion system. The total thrust is less powerful compared to a nuclear rocket but still enough to produce effects.

 

According to a number of studies, any engine used as a primary source of such powerful propulsion must produce exhaust velocities of around 10 to 20 km/s. There are also storable chemical systems used in rockets with an exhaust velocity of around 5 km/s but overall is less efficient.

 

Propulsion systems that do not require energy through chemical reactions are still needed. There are electric propulsion thrusters able to produce exhaust velocities of around 10 to 20 km/s which increases payload and reduces propellant mass. The consequences however, are less powerful thrusters consuming larger quantities of power.

 

The 3 Categories of Electric Propulsion

 

Electro thermal propulsion is when the propellant is electrically heated then isentropically expanded through a C/D or convergent/divergent nozzle. The system works as electrical energy heats propellants that produce gases as a result. The gases are sent through the C/D nozzle creating thrust. Catalyzed hydrazine or another neutral gas is used in thrusters like arc jets and resistojets.

 

Arc jets can also be used to heat the propellants via an electrical arc discharge. The arc in the arc jet is a beam of electrons produced from the cathode tip then gathers at the anode. Since an arc jet has a cathode and an anode, a constrictor is also present which is a narrow pathway between the two charges.

 

Electrostatic thrusters are also called ion thrusters. These use an ionized propellant accelerated through electric fields applied directly like gridded ion thrusters and Hall thrusters. The technique of propulsion is also known as ion propulsion technique since ions are mainly used in the process. Electrostatic energy is used to produce propulsion.

 

The electrons from an atom are stripped off then converted to ions. The ions are accelerated by electrical forces to high temperature without needing thermal energy producing thrust. The atoms after losing electrons become positively charged.

 

Electromagnetic thrusters produce thrust using electric and magnetic forces that interact with charged plasmas like ions and electrons. An example of these is the magnetoplasmadynamic thruster or MPD. The system heats the propellant to a plasma state before being accelerated. A large current is passed by electromagnetic forces through gas in order to ionize the propellant. Plasma is the ionized propellant which is then accelerated by Lorentz force, an electromagnetic force producing thrust.

 

Effect on Fuel

 

Decoupling engine speed and power output from the propeller will provide the opportunity to improve propeller efficiency. Since electric forces and electromagnetic forces kick in for support, gasoline and diesel propulsion systems in vehicles will decrease the chances of wasting a huge part of power and energy.

 

The chances of engine overload are eliminated resulting to better fuel economy and better gas mileage. In addition, there is higher efficiency over longer distances and various speeds and loads.

 

A study conducted to check how much electric propulsion systems can help diesel and gasoline engines showed that at least 10% fuel savings is achieved by simply allowing the engine to move along with the load reducing inefficiencies due to low load with high speed. Larger propellers can also save as much as 7% of fuel compared to traditional models.

 

With the total load split between multiple generators, as much as 20% of fuel can be saved plus another 13% by matching the power produced by the engine to the power required by the propeller. A variable-speed generator will help accomplish this. Overall, 30% to 50% can be saved compared to a very efficient diesel-electric or gasoline-electric system.

 

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What is a Hybrid Vehicle?

by plrpro on February 8, 2010

Mankind has made a huge impact on the environment. Although science and technology are continually progressing, it is also the cause of the planet’s deterioration. Natural resources are being depleted to sustain the demand of a growing population. Although we have been gifted with logic and reasoning we are also prone to excess and carelessness that will inevitably bring about our demise. Although eradicated species and holes in the ozone layer can’t be restored, scientists are finding ways to help the environment and maintain whatever it has left.

 

One of the main contributors of pollution is cars. Transportation is a necessity so this problem is not easy to solve. Scientists and automotive companies have come up with a solution for environmental conscious customers. Hybrid vehicles were created to answer environmental issues and provide alternatives for customers.

 

What is a hybrid?

 

A hybrid vehicle is a type of automobile that depends on different power sources other than fuel (ex. diesel, petrol). These vehicles are either powered by internal combustion engines, electric motors, or a fuel cell and a rechargeable energy storage system. These types of power sources can be applied to different type of vehicles for public and private transportation.

 

Automotive companies today are continually developing this technology to be able to cater environmental friendly cars and deliver quality brand vehicles at the same time. They are turning to popular type of vehicles such as SUV’s to expand the appeal of hybrid technology.

 

Hybrid vehicles were designed to reduce emissions and save fuel. With the continuing rise of gas prices and global warming campaigns, more people are searching for alternatives to decrease dependence on fuel. This technology will also contribute to the general health of the public because car emissions pose a threat to one’s health.

 

These vehicles are able to achieve this purpose in four ways. It shuts down the diesel engine during stops or idle periods. It has a battery storage that enables it to store and reuse the energy that it has recaptured. It’s able to recapture energy that is usually wasted while breaking. It relies on two power sources, the diesel engine and the electric motors to reduce fuel consumption during peak power usage.

 

This type of vehicle is very convenient for traffic ridden areas. It also reduces noise emissions when the vehicle is operating at low speeds. Hybrid vehicles are practical and convenient cars for everyday living in the city.

 

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How To Wax Mercedes Benz.

by plrpro on February 7, 2010

Waxing your Mercedes Benz

If you are like most Mercedes Benz owners, you want the best for your car. That includes the care that is involved in making your Mercedes Benz the car that it is. Proper care and cleaning of your car is very important if you want to keep it looking good. In this article you will find tips on how to wax and maintain your Mercedes Benz in an effective way.

People notice when a car shines the way it does and I’m sure yours did when you bought it if not now. You wouldn’t buy a car that had dull paint would you? Of course not! Why let your paint end up that same condition? If you take the proper care you can avoid this matter altogether.

A nice factor in keeping your car waxed regularly is if you decide to sell it later down the road, you will have a better chance if the paint is still in good shape. Waxing it regularly will keep the shine if not make it more bright. This will benefit you now and as long as you drive your Mercedes Benz Haynes Manual or automatic.

How do you know when it is time to wax your Mercedes Benz? When the rain does not bead on the body of your car, not the windows, it is time to wax. There is the easy option of paying someone else to do it for you. You could get your whole car detailed while you were there. If you enjoy taking care of your car yourself, you can probably save more money and know your car is being handled with proper care.

Before you can wax your car, you want to be sure it is freshly washed. Many people will wax right after they wash. Seems to be a bit easier this way! It is very important you do not wash your car in the sun if you can help it. This will leave water spots on the surface because of the accelerated evaporation of your car’s surface.

When waxing your Mercedes Benz, you want to use a non-abrasive wax. Start with a small area one or two body panels for instance. You want to apply the wax in a circular motion (swirling) using a proper cloth or tool. The wax will start drying once you have applied it and when you have waxed a small area, wipe off the residue with a cloth.

Once you have removed the residue it is better to go over once again with another clean cloth. You do not want to use the same wax applicator for the entire Mercedes. Once it becomes clogged or covered with wax, use a new clean one. After you have waxed your entire car, you will want to look over it again closely.

It is easy to miss a few small spots. You might even want to check the seams and cracks of the body for wax residue as well. You can get this out with a detailer’s brush and then wipe with a cloth again.

You can be the judge on when to wax your car. Some people do it rather often while others only when they absolutely have to. If you want to keep your car looking great, waxing twice a year is recommended by some. It mainly depends on what type of wax you use.

If you are using a pure car wax that containers no cleaners of any kind you can wax as much as you want basically. Using a wax with cleaners it is recommended that you do not wax more than four times a year. This will ensure your paint stays in its best condition. This is especially important when dealing with older classic models such as the Mercedes W-107 450SL Chassis.

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My Mercedes Has A Case of the Rattles - What Can I do?

by plrpro on February 7, 2010

 

You know the feeling of driving down a dirt road, or perhaps a rough parking lot. The jarring, shaking, rattling, and other un-nerving noises your car makes. Well that is just part of life when driving on less than perfect roadways but, what about when your car starts making these sounds when driving down standard pavement. That my friends is a case of the rattles, and depending upon how long you have been driving with your car in this condition the more it will cost to repair. An unfortunate fact of automobile maintenance is the longer you put something off, the more things that will get torn up. The manufacturer did not put the faultily part on the car in perfect condition because the car would run fine with out the faulty part.

In most late model Mercedes Benz automobiles the first part to go out that starts to cause the shake – rattle – and roll are the Mercedes Ball Joints. The ball joints are what connect your steering system to the wheels, and are what must absorb the twisting action as the wheels actually turn. They also are subjected to all of the vibration of the road, as well as any torque or torsion that occurs when you stress the front steering circuit. This occurs when you turn the wheels too sharply when driving slowly, or for example when you might bump into the wheel stop in a parking space.

If you continue to drive after you have a worn out set of Ball Joints it is quite possible that you will start to degrade the Mercedes Benz Control Arm – The control arm is the part of your front suspension that allows the wheel to travel laterally up and down, when going over variations in the pavement. These bumps in the road are smoothed out by the shocks, struts and springs, but the control arm is the part that physically allows the pivoting and connects the front wheels to the frame of your vehicle. Depending on the model of your car, there can be up to four control arms on each vehicle. An upper and lower control arm for both the right and left sides. This part can also starting to get expensive since each arm normally costs around one hundred dollars – each! Solving the issue can be achieved with new ball joints. However, at times you can get a from Mercedes a Control Arm bushing rebuild kit. This will allow you to simply press out the worn rubber bushing from this large metal arm and install new rubber if the metal portions are not yet worn or bent.

In addition to the core parts of the suspension that will be worn if you do not address the rattles early on, this vibration will also cause your front shocks or struts to wear our early. The additional vibration on older models with body on frame suspension will often find its way into the bolts and bushings that hold the body of the car onto the frame. This may cause a loud clunk and shifting of the body forward on the frame when coming to a stop as well as a large increase in the amount of noise. If your vehicle has reached this stage of decay it is imperative to have it serviced right away, or take the Mercedes out of service.

As you can see there are many things which can cause your vehicle to develop a case of the rattles, and may things which can get worst with time. And worst in car speak, means not only expensive, but hazardous, and could cause you to lose control of the vehicle. However, if you diagnose and repair the problem at the first sign of new noises or vibrations, this is often a problem you can repair yourself for an afternoon of labor, and under $100 in Mercedes Benz OEM Parts.

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Honest Used Nissan Dealer In Atlanta

by plrpro on February 6, 2010

Thinking of purchasing a Used Chrysler Atlanta these days can be quite enjoyable for most people, particularly if you recently have moved to a big city where a search for a Used Honda Atlanta returns hundreds of car dealers. Riding long distances to Atlanta seems to be the norm today when it comes to saving money on any new or used vehicle today. Customers able to buy a new car ordinarily begin by doing thier searches online, since you can negotiate your price without ever having to get in the car and take a ride. With vacation money and gravy jobs becoming harder and harder to come by, saving dollars is easy by doing your shopping online. When it comes to finding that particular tid-bit of information, or a present for that certain someone the internet can be used like a golf club that never fails.

Having to go from a high car loan and back into a used car that is much less exspensive in order to save a dollar these days is what many of us had to do when tying to save our childrens future. Even small car business owners are having to stop heavy spending in every aspect they can, even if it means down sizing half of their work force and buying less exspensive cars just to keep the doors open.
This is not particularly what I had in mind a couple of ago when making money seemed to come natural in this thriving market we had become accustomed to. It’s become alot harder than just taking candy from a baby tring to make a dollar today. The used car buisiness happens to be a better way to comfort your income in this economy. Pulling your pants up and finding more honest and creative ways to generate funds in the used car buisness is about the only way I can think of.

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Chevy Achieves Greatness With The SS Camaro.

by plrpro on February 6, 2010

Chevrolet Tahoe being the long-term fleet for Chevy for a year. While Chevrolet Avalanche or Crossovers may have been able to tackle some of these feats, none could complete all of them like the Chevrolet Tahoe. Its strong means, great comfort, high-quality interior and generous passenger capacity made it a excellent selection for many Sport Utility prospects. But with the brand new vehicle of the present being the Chevy Camaro, what will happen to the Used Chevy HHR?, Who cares lets hear about the Camaro.

Underneath the latest Camaro throw back styling is a shortened edition of General Motors Zeta blueprint, used on larger body sedans like the G8 from Pontiac. This construction provides the Camaro with an excellent 4 wheel independent suspension for more aggressive handling and much stouter look. Only a coupe body style are being offered, but there is talk of a new convertible coming in the future.

The long awaited 2010 Chevy Camaro is a big hit. Professionals respond that it is not only the great looks that gives it shine, but also the all around presentation of the monster. In addition to its extremely praised throw back exterior blueprint, the 2010 Camaro features a very strong 304 horsepower V6 engine and very competitive streamline accomplishments. The inside is brought down by low grade cloth seats and cockpit very hard to see from.

Camaro V8s with the automatic transmission have a bit less power at 400 hp.

In road tests of stick shift transmission, the V8 goes from zero to sixty in an impressive 5 seconds, with the V6 getting there a full second slower.

The 2010 Chevy Camaro is the easy pick among muscle cars for those who enjoy spirited driving, thanks to its unmatched combination of big power, ample grip and refined suspension tuning. It even has enough poise to give upbeat models like the AMG Mercedes and Infiniti G37 a little struggle. We just wish the experience were less like driving a WWll tank.The base V6 Camaro feels quick and sounds like it has power, a great steal at somewhere around $22,000.

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New Ford F-350 Handles The Rest.

by plrpro on February 6, 2010

New Ford F-150 Trucks offer an array of special options with every New Ford Fleet purchases, such as a brand new secured tool box to handle all your camping needs. Used Ford F150 hold their value like none other. Three unique instrument panel designs give every series an individual look.

Each and every model feature a fashionable two-tone instrument panel. The flow-through interior console gives customers the option of two captain’s chairs with a shifter on the floor in the FX4 and Lariat models. Seating arrangements offered in the new F-series contain the standard split seats (40/20/40), making it a little more luxious for the man in the middle . F-150 offers three diverse engine choices: a 4.2-liter V-6 engine, a 4.6-liter Triton™ V-8 and the upscale 5.4-liter, three-valve Triton V-8(VCT). The 5.4-liter Triton V-8 engine delivers 320 hp. and 390 ft.lbs of tourqe. A flex-fuel edition can run on E85 biofuel.

Selected options include: SIRIUS satellite radio; supplementary audio input jack; navigation system; overhead rail storage system; traction assist; power-fold heated side mirrors; manual or automatic push button 4×4; skid plates; non-posi axle; 35.7-gallon fuel cell; fog lights; two-tone paint; numerous different upgrade packages; power-adjustable pedals; push button-sliding back glass; reverse sensing system; CD player with 6 cd capacity; audiophile audio system; HD payload package; towing package; snow-plow prep package.

The XL models include: Chrome front and rear bumpers; interval wipers; 17 inch alloy rim; AM/FM audio system; black rubber floor mats; interior map lights and vinyl 40/20/40-split front seat with manual driver lumbar support. All of the New Ford F-Series provides great comfort and driving ability found in no other vehicle in their league. Ranging from you normal run of the mill XL series, which is the most universal work truck of Americans today, even Fords XLT Lariat, which is the king of the road, with a variety from the Harley Davidson model to the King Ranch. A tailgate step is obtainable that makes getting up to the back easier and safer, even for us young fellas. The very heavy tailgate also comes with helper springs which make closing the tailgate alot easier.

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Capabilities of the Pontiac Firebird

by plrpro on February 5, 2010

The Pontiac Firebird is perhaps one of the most classic cars ever made, thanks to various pop culture references attached to it.  It was first manufactured in 1967 by Yankee automaker General Motors, through their Pontiac division.  The firebird was introduced together with its cousin in the GM family, the Chevrolet Camaro, with which it shared a platform.  As with its competitors, it was introduced head-on with the Mercury Cougar of Ford.  The engines powering the Firebird from the start and for most of its existence till its last year in 2002 were V8 engines.  First, Pontiac engines powered it up to 1982 when GM engines were used.  Since its last appearance in 2002, no efforts have been made to revive the line.  The possibility of a Firebird revival has further been made impossible by the discontinuation of the Pontiac brand after 2010.  This is in spite of the news that the Chevrolet Camaro will make a comeback for the 2010 model year.  

The first generation of Firebirds was available from 1967 till 1969 and was assembled in Pontiac facilities in truck Nuys, California and Norwood, Ohio.  It was available in 2-door coupes and convertibles.  In 1969, a Trans-Am package for the Firebird was introduced, which only furthered the popularity of the ar.  A Trans-Am package featured upgraded suspension, handling, and h.p..  Classy differences with the Trans-Am package include fog lights, wheels, hoods, and spoilers.  The second generation of Firebirds and Trans-Ams from 1970 to 1981 was responsible for cementing the brand in Yankee popular culture.  The 2-door convertible was dropped.  The second generation vehicle was seen in the films Smokey and the Bandit, Hooper and Smokey and the Bandit II.  The third generation, which was available from 1982 until 1992, was featured in the movies Alphabet City and Smokey and the Bandit Part 3.  The TV show Knight Rider featured a talking automobile, KITT, which was actually a changed Trans-am of the 3rd generation.  Sadly, declining sales made General Motors can the brand, with the Pontiac GTO replacing it.

How fast can your car travel at top speed? Compare you car to some of the fastest cars in the world at thesupercars.org and also have a look at door for Pontiac Firebird.

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Your First GPS Devise

by plrpro on February 4, 2010

The new GPS technology has caused many changes in personal navigation, public transportation and vehicle tracking. Any functional GPS receiver gives you access to the orbiting satellites providing information on destination, current location or the shortest route to take. Moreover, new GPS units provide information on hotels, traffic conditions, ATMS, restaurants and gas stations for the map on which you navigate. Discreet, convenient and highly reliable, the new GPS units represent the beginning of another age in the field of communications and technological development. Depending on the manufacturer, the features incorporated in a GPS unit can differ a lot.

 

A clear example of how progress works is the possibility to buy new GPS units that have the maps for a certain geographical area already installed. For models that lack this kind of availability, or for very peculiar applications, a special software is used to download the maps. Other improvements in technology are the touch screens and the increase in unit memory and  processor speed. When the GPS is able to work within more advanced parameters then the updates of position and information become instantaneous.

 

Minimum mounting and wiring: these are two other great features of a new GPS unit. Athletes, cyclists, fishermen, hikers or joggers can use new GPS orientation for a wide range of sports activities. The speed of reaction in a GPS receiver is below twenty seconds which means a high level of convenience and comfort for the user. Moreover, the compatibility between GPS devices and cell phones has increased, not to mention that smartphones provide both communication and navigation advantages in one. We can now carry the new GPS features incorporated in a cell phone, and just use them when in need. Personal navigation has certainly improved considerably, and we certainly make everything in our power to save time and be efficient.

 

Another nice feature of new GPS models is the 3-D moving map with turn-by-turn access and huge databases with information of interest. Did you know that a GPS unit can provide not only information on gas stations but also gas price details and venue ratings for restaurants in one location or another? The better the new GPS design, the shorter the time before it can access the satellites and calculate your position. Distance alert as well as geo-catching are also possible with a GPS unit, but they are very specific tasks that are used only occasionally. You should thus be able to create individual maps to correspond to one personal purpose or another.

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GPS In Your Palm

by plrpro on February 4, 2010

Supplementary portable orientation functions replaces the regular graphic display device in the new Palm GPS, which generates good conditions for personal navigation and lots of system applications. Lots of Palm GPS products have large displays, quick processors and plenty of memory space. In a certain way the Palm is somewhere between a unit attached to the desktop or the laptop and a stand alone GPS unit that incorporates all the functions. The combination of GPS and Palm is considered a technical success that remains a valuable option even for hikers. Some softwares are not compatible with GPS devices even if they incorporate a navigation system.

 

You should be aware of such differences before buying something really cheap. Depending on the Palm GPS design, some run on advanced programs with good hardwares and softwares too. A good GPS brand is a clear guarantee of quality, but even so, you should check and test the features to make sure it suits your needs. The connection of older Palm models to modern GPS devices requires some form of adaptation particularly for serial ports. There should also be good memory support for the maps on the Palm GPS and good hardware configurations are the best solutions available here. Check the support for the software so that you may detect possible incompatibilities.

 

Changes are sometimes necessary for the software used by the Palm GPS application. Vendors usually allow for convincing verifications, but in case you are not satisfied, it would be hard to analyze a Palm GPS compatibility without professional assistance. A Palm GPS could be of great help for all categories of travelers, whether you ride the car or you go hiking. The easy navigation conditions and access to real time information are the elements that convince many people to combine a Palm and a GPS unit.

 

Another issue worth considering is that of updates, as there are such options for older Palm GPS models. This will not be possible unless the updates are compatible with the Palm and the GPS. Usually, manufacturers carefully analyze the match with older designs whenever a new model is launched, but the customer often has to buy a new Palm GPS configuration instead of trying to update the older variant.

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